ISO 22017:2020 水质 核或辐射紧急情况下快速放射性测量指南
标准编号：ISO 22017:2020
中文名称：水质 核或辐射紧急情况下快速放射性测量指南
英文名称：Water quality — Guidance for rapid radioactivity measurements in nuclear or radiological emergency situation
发布日期：2020-08
标准范围
本文件为希望对核或放射性紧急事件后可能被污染的水样使用快速测试方法的测试实验室提供了指南。在紧急情况下，应考虑:-考虑要进行的测试的特定背景，例如潜在的高水平污染；-在可能的情况下，使用或调整在常规情况下实施的放射性测试方法以快速获得结果，或者对于非常规进行的测试，应用先前由实验室验证的特定快速测试方法，例如用于89Sr测定；-准备测试实验室测量大量可能被污染的样品。该文件的目的是确保决策者获得快速采取行动所需的可靠结果，并将公众的辐射剂量降至最低。进行测量是为了通过检查供水质量来最大限度地降低对公众的风险。对于紧急情况，测试结果通常与操作干预水平进行比较。注:操作干预水平（油）来自IAEA安全标准[8]或国家当局[9]。快速分析的一个关键要素是使用常规方法，但周转时间减少。这些快速测量的目标通常是检查测试样品中异常的放射性水平，确定存在的放射性核素及其活度浓度水平，并确定水是否符合干预水平[10][11][12]。应该注意的是，在这种情况下，评估常规使用的验证参数（例如重现性、精密度等）。）可能不适用于改良的rapid方法。然而，由于紧急情况后出现的情况，修改后的方法可能仍然适用，尽管需要评估与测试结果相关的不确定性，并且可能会因常规分析而增加。分析方法的第一步通常是基于总α和总β测试方法（改编自ISO 10704和ISO 11704）和伽马光谱法（改编自ISO 20042、ISO 10703和ISO 19581）的筛选方法。然后，如果需要[13]，按照附录A中的建议，调整和应用特定放射性核素的测试方法标准（见第2条）（例如，根据ISO 13160的90Sr测量）。本文件指已发布的ISO文件。在适当的情况下，本文件还参考了国家标准或其他公开的文件。可直接在现场进行的筛选技术不在本文档中。
This document provides guidelines for testing laboratories wanting to use rapid test methods on water samples that may be contaminated following a nuclear or radiological emergency incident. In an emergency situation, consideration should be given to:— taking into account the specific context for the tests to be performed, e.g. a potentially high level of contamination;— using or adjusting, when possible, radioactivity test methods implemented during routine situations to obtain a result rapidly or, for tests not performed routinely, applying specific rapid test methods previously validated by the laboratory, e.g. for 89Sr determination;— preparing the test laboratory to measure a large number of potentially contaminated samples.The aim of this document is to ensure decision makers have reliable results needed to take actions quickly and minimize the radiation dose to the public.Measurements are performed in order to minimize the risk to the public by checking the quality of water supplies. For emergency situations, test results are often compared to operational intervention levels.NOTE Operational intervention levels (OILs) are derived from IAEA Safety Standards[8] or national authorities[9].A key element of rapid analysis can be the use of routine methods but with a reduced turnaround time. The goal of these rapid measurements is often to check for unusual radioactivity levels in the test sample, to identify the radionuclides present and their activity concentration levels and to establish compliance of the water with intervention levels[10][11][12]. It should be noted that in such circumstances, validation parameters evaluated for routine use (e.g. reproducibility, precision, etc.) may not be applicable to the modified rapid method. However, due to the circumstances arising after an emergency, the modified method may still be fit-for-purpose although uncertainties associated with the test results need to be evaluated and may increase from routine analyses.The first steps of the analytical approach are usually screening methods based on gross alpha and gross beta test methods (adaptation of ISO 10704 and ISO 11704) and gamma spectrometry (adaptation of ISO 20042, ISO 10703 and ISO 19581). Then, if required[13], test method standards for specific radionuclides (see Clause 2) are adapted and applied (for example, 90Sr measurement according to ISO 13160) as proposed in Annex A.This document refers to published ISO documents. When appropriate, this document also refers to national standards or other publicly available documents.Screening techniques that can be carried out directly in the field are not part of this document.
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