ISO 20074:2019 石油和天然气工业 管道运输系统 陆上管道地质灾害风险管理

标准编号：ISO 20074:2019

中文名称：石油和天然气工业 管道运输系统 陆上管道地质灾害风险管理

英文名称：Petroleum and natural gas industry — Pipeline transportation systems — Geological hazard risk management for onshore pipeline

发布日期：2019-07

标准范围

本文件规定了管道设计、施工和运营期间地质灾害风险管理的要求和建议。本文件适用于所有运营商和管道（现有和拟建/在建）。本文件适用于石油和天然气行业使用的陆上集输管道。注:本文件不适用于定义明确的工厂和设施内的管道，如泵站或压缩机站、加工设施或炼油厂。假设整个设施场地将接受单独的地质灾害评估，以评估适用的自然和人为因素-制造危险。然而，本文件可以为评估地质灾害对设施的威胁提供有用的指导，包括设施内的管道。本文件适用于由自然力引起的所有合理且可信的自然灾害，以及由人类活动引起的、与统称为“地质灾害”或“地质灾害”的自然灾害类似的灾害，或通过行业归因于“自然力”的灾害。本文件涵盖的地质灾害包括但不限于（不按重要性排序）:-大规模浪费过程，包括滑坡、横向扩展、落石、泥石流、雪崩和类似过程，无论是自然发生的还是人为的；-地面沉降和/或天坑形成，无论是自然发生的，如盐岩或碳酸盐岩地层（岩溶地层）的溶解，还是人为造成的，如地下开采或地下流体（如地下水、石油和天然气）的开采；-地震灾害，如地面震动、断层破裂、液化、流动破坏和侧向扩展或相关的次生效应，如地震引发的滑坡；-火山灾害，如火山灰、火山碎屑流、熔岩流、溃坝和火山诱发地震（不包括灰烬），这些灾害可以合理预测；-水文过程，如洪水、河底垂直冲刷、河道迁移和河岸侵蚀、河道崩塌、湖泊快速排水；-永久冻土/冰缘过程和地热效应，如热退化、冻胀或融沉、热侵蚀、热岩溶；-地表（陆上）、沟槽回填或土方填充侵蚀；-膨胀和湿陷性土壤引起的膨胀或湿陷过程，如冰川粘土、湿陷性黄土等。本文件不适用于大气/环境影响，例如:-飓风、龙卷风和类似风暴引发的强风，除非此类事件可合理预测，并会引发滑坡、侵蚀等地质灾害。;-闪电；-森林或灌木丛火灾；-火山喷发造成的灰烬。此外，本文件不适用于级联事件，其中一个远程事件导致一系列事件，最终导致管道附近发生地质灾害。仅适用于直接影响管道或RoW的地质灾害。

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations on the management of geohazard risks during the pipeline design, construction and operational periods.This document is applicable to all operators and pipelines (existing and proposed/under construction).This document applies to onshore gathering and transmission pipelines used in the petroleum and natural gas industries.NOTE This document is not applicable to piping and pipelines within well-defined plants and facilities, such as pump or compressor stations, processing facilities or refineries. It is assumed that the facility site as a whole will be subject to a separate geohazard assessment to evaluate applicable natural and man-made hazards. Nevertheless, this document can provide useful guidance for assessing the geohazard threat to facilities, including the pipelines within the facility.This document is applicable to all reasonable and credible natural hazards induced by natural forces and hazards induced by human activity that manifest similarly to natural hazards collectively referred to as "geological hazards" or "geohazards", or through industry as attributed to "natural forces". Geohazards covered by this document include, but are not limited to (not given in order of significance):— mass wasting processes, including landslides, lateral spreads, rockfalls, debris flows, avalanches, and similar processes whether naturally occurring or anthropogenic;— land subsidence and/or sinkhole formation, whether naturally occurring such as from dissolution of salt or carbonate rock formations (karst formation) or human caused, such as from underground mining or withdrawal of subsurface fluids such as groundwater and oil and gas;— seismic hazards, such as ground shaking, fault rupture, liquefaction, flow failures and lateral spreading or associated secondary effects, such as seismically triggered landslides;— volcanic hazards, such as lahars, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, dam break, and volcanically induced seismicity (excluding ashfall), where such hazards can be reasonably predicted;— hydrologic processes, such as flooding, vertical scour of river bottoms, channel migration and bank erosion, channel avulsion, rapid lake drainage;— permafrost/periglacial processes and geothermal effects, such as thermal degradation, frost heave or thaw settlement, thermal erosion, thermokarst;— surface (overland), trench backfill, or earthwork fill erosion;— expansion or collapsing processes caused by expansive and collapsible soils, such as glaciomarine clays, collapsible loess, etc.This document is not applicable to atmospheric/environmental effects, such as the following:— high winds induced from hurricanes and tornadoes and similar storms, except where such events are reasonably predictable and will induce geohazards such as landslides, erosion, etc.;— lightning;— forest or brush fires;— ashfall from volcanic eruptions.Furthermore, this document is not applicable to cascading events, where one remote event leads to a chain of events that eventually induces a geohazard near the pipeline. It is only applicable to geohazards that directly affect the pipeline or RoW.

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