IEC 62364:2019 水力机械.轴流式水轮机 混流式水轮机和水斗式水轮机的水力磨蚀处理指南

标准编号：IEC 62364:2019

中文名称：水力机械.轴流式水轮机 混流式水轮机和水斗式水轮机的水力磨蚀处理指南

英文名称：Hydraulic machines - Guidelines for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis and Pelton turbines

发布日期：2019-01-14

标准范围

IEC 62364:2019作为IEC 62364:2019 RLV提供，其中包含国际标准及其红线版本，显示了与上一版本相比技术内容的所有变化。IEC 62364:2019给出了以下指南:a)提供从各种水力地点收集的水质、操作条件、部件材料和部件特性的多种组合的水力磨料侵蚀率数据；b)制定通过修改清洁水的水力设计来最大限度地减少水力磨料侵蚀的方法指南。这些指南不包括由水力设计专家为给定场地确定的水力剖面形状等细节；c)根据“经验数据”制定有关材料面对水力的相对阻力的指南-磨料侵蚀问题；d)制定有关具有高抗水磨料侵蚀性和硬涂层的材料的可维护性的指南；e)制定关于推荐方法的指南，业主可以而且应该采取该指南，以确保规范传达需要在其现场特别关注水力设计的这一方面，而无需制定因手段超出控制而无法满足的标准制造商；f)制定有关水轮机在含有颗粒物质的水中运行模式的指南，以延长运行寿命。本文假设水不具有化学侵蚀性。由于化学侵蚀性取决于许多可能的化学成分和机器的材料，因此解决这些问题超出了本文档的范围。本文假设涡轮机中不存在空化。空化和水磨料侵蚀可以相互加强，从而产生的侵蚀大于空化侵蚀加水磨料侵蚀的总和。由此产生的水力磨料侵蚀的定量关系尚不清楚，除了建议在涡轮机设计阶段做出特殊努力以最大限度地减少气蚀之外，对其进行评估超出了本文件的范围。大型固体（例如石头、木头、冰、金属物体等。）随水行进会冲击涡轮机部件并产生损坏。这种损坏又会增加流动湍流，从而加速气蚀和水磨料侵蚀的磨损。抗水磨料侵蚀涂层也会因大固体的冲击而局部损坏。解决这些问题超出了本文档的范围。本文件主要关注水力发电设备。某些部分也可适用于其他液压机。这第二版取消并取代了2013年出版的第一版。本版构成技术修订版。与上一版相比，此版本包括以下重大技术变更:a)Pelton参考模型中TBO的公式已被修改；b)修改了采样间隔计算公式；c)对抗水磨料侵蚀涂层的章节进行了实质性修改；d)含有耐水磨料侵蚀材料试验数据的附件已被删除；e)添加了简化的水磨料侵蚀评估。关键词:水力机械，水力磨蚀，轴流式，混流式，冲击式水轮机。

IEC 62364:2019 is available as IEC 62364:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.

IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings;
e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers;
f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life.
It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified;
b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified;
c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified;
d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed;
e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added.

Key words: Hydraulic Machines, Hydro-Abrasive Erosion, Kaplan, Francis, Pelton Turbines.

标准预览图