ISO/IEC 11770-4:2006 信息技术-安全技术-密钥管理程序 第4部分： 基于虚弱密钥的机械装置

标准编号：ISO/IEC 11770-4:2006

中文名称：信息技术-安全技术-密钥管理程序 第4部分： 基于虚弱密钥的机械装置

英文名称：Information technology — Security techniques — Key management — Part 4: Mechanisms based on weak secrets

发布日期：2006-05

标准范围

ISO/IEC 11770-4:20 06定义了基于弱秘密的密钥建立机制，即，人类可以容易地记忆的秘密，并且因此将从相对较小的可能性集合中选择的秘密。它指定了专门设计用于基于从记忆密码导出的弱秘密建立一个或多个秘密密钥的加密技术，同时防止与弱秘密相关联的离线暴力攻击。更具体地说，这些机制旨在实现以下三个目标之一。平衡密码认证密钥协议:在共享公共弱秘密的两个实体之间建立一个或多个共享秘密密钥。在平衡密码认证密钥协商机制中，共享密钥是两个实体之间数据交换的结果，当且仅当两个实体已经使用相同的弱秘密时，共享密钥才被建立，并且两个实体都不能预定值o增强密码认证密钥协议:在两个实体A和B之间建立一个或多个共享密钥，其中A具有弱秘密，B具有从A的弱秘密的单向函数导出的验证数据。在增强密码认证密钥协商机制中，共享秘密密钥是两个实体之间数据交换的结果，当且仅当两个实体已经使用了弱秘密和相应的验证数据时，才建立共享秘密密钥，并且两个实体都不能预先确定共享秘密密钥的值。密码认证密钥检索:为与另一实体B相关联的实体A建立一个或多个秘密密钥，其中A具有弱秘密并且B具有与A的弱秘密相关联的强秘密。在认证密钥检索机制中，可由A检索(不一定可由B导出)的秘密密钥是两个实体之间的数据交换的结果，并且当且仅当两个实体已经使用了弱秘密和相关联的强秘密时，秘密密钥才被建立。然而，尽管B的强秘密与A的弱秘密相关联，但是强秘密（本身）不包含足够的信息以允许弱秘密或在机制中建立的秘密密钥被确定。

ISO/IEC 11770-4:2006 defines key establishment mechanisms based on weak secrets, i.e., secrets that can be readily memorized by a human, and hence secrets that will be chosen from a relatively small set of possibilities. It specifies cryptographic techniques specifically designed to establish one or more secret keys based on a weak secret derived from a memorized password, while preventing off-line brute-force attacks associated with the weak secret. More specifically, these mechanisms are designed to achieve one of the following three goals.

• Balanced password-authenticated key agreement: Establish one or more shared secret keys between two entities that share a common weak secret. In a balanced password-authenticated key agreement mechanism, the shared secret keys are the result of a data exchange between the two entities, the shared secret keys are established if and only if the two entities have used the same weak secret, and neither of the two entities can predetermine the values of the shared secret keys.
• Augmented password-authenticated key agreement: Establish one or more shared secret keys between two entities A and B, where A has a weak secret and B has verification data derived from a one-way function of A's weak secret. In an augmented password-authenticated key agreement mechanism, the shared secret keys are the result of a data exchange between the two entities, the shared secret keys are established if and only if the two entities have used the weak secret and the corresponding verification data, and neither of the two entities can predetermine the values of the shared secret keys.
• Password-authenticated key retrieval: Establish one or more secret keys for an entity, A, associated with another entity, B, where A has a weak secret and B has a strong secret associated with A's weak secret. In an authenticated key retrieval mechanism, the secret keys, retrievable by A (not necessarily derivable by B), are the result of a data exchange between the two entities, and the secret keys are established if and only if the two entities have used the weak secret and the associated strong secret. However, although B's strong secret is associated with A's weak secret, the strong secret does not (in itself) contain sufficient information to permit either the weak secret or the secret keys established in the mechanism to be determined.

标准预览图