ISO 20816-3:2022 机械振动 机器振动的测量和评估 第3部分：额定功率大于15kW，工作速度在120r/min和30000 r/min之间的工业机械

标准编号：ISO 20816-3:2022

中文名称：机械振动 机器振动的测量和评估 第3部分：额定功率大于15kW，工作速度在120r/min和30000 r/min之间的工业机械

英文名称：Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration — Part 3: Industrial machinery with a power rating above 15 kW and operating speeds between 120 r/min and 30 000 r/min

发布日期：2022-10

标准范围

本文件规定了评估功率大于15？的各种耦合工业机器类型振动的一般要求kW，运行速度在120r/min和30000？当进行现场测量时，转速为r/min。对于在正常运行条件下对非旋转和旋转部件进行的测量，提供了应用评估标准的指南。该指南以稳定运行振动值和这些稳定值中可能出现的振动幅度变化为依据。给出的数值旨在作为基于全球机器经验的指南，但应适当考虑可能导致这些数值不合适的特定机器特征。通常，通过考虑轴振动和相关结构振动以及特定频率分量来评估机器的状况，这些频率分量并不总是与所呈现的宽带严重性值相关。本文件涵盖的机器类型包括:a） 输出小于或等于40？的汽轮机和发电机MW（见注1和注2）；b） 输出大于40？的汽轮机和发电机MW，正常运行速度不是1500？转/分，1800？转/分，3000？r/min或3600？r/min（尽管发电机很少属于这一类）（见注1）；c） 旋转压缩机；d） 输出小于或等于3？的工业燃气轮机MW（见注2）；e） 涡轮风扇；f） 任何类型的电动机，如果联轴器是柔性的。当电机与ISO20816任何其他部分所涵盖的机器类型刚性连接时，可根据该其他部分或ISO20816-3;g） 轧辊和轧机；h） 输送机；i） 变速联轴器；和j） 鼓风机或风扇（见注3）。注意事项1.陆地蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机和大于40？的发电机MW容量，在1500？转/分，1800？转/分，3000？r/min或3600？r/min是否符合ISO20816-2.水力发电厂的发电机是否符合ISO20816-5.注意事项2.功率大于3？的燃气轮机MW是否由ISO覆盖20816-4.注意事项3.本文件中给出的振动标准通常仅适用于额定功率大于300？的风机kW或不灵活支撑的风扇。在情况允许的情况下，将为其他类型的风机（包括轻型金属板结构的风机）提供建议。在这些建议可用之前，制造商和客户可以商定分类；使用先前操作经验的结果（另见ISO？14694）。包括齿轮级在内的机械也属于本文件的范围。有关齿轮箱的验收测试，请参考ISO 20816-9。本文件不包括以下类型的工业机器:k） 功率输出大于40？的陆基燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机和发电机MW和速度为1500？转/分，1800？转/分，3000？r/min或3600？r/min（参见ISO20816？2）；l） 功率输出大于3？的燃气轮机机组MW（参见ISO20816？4）；m） 水力发电和抽水站的机组（见ISO20816？5）；n） 往复式机器和与往复式机器牢固连接的机器（参见ISO10816？6）；o） 转子动力泵和叶轮直接安装在电机轴上或刚性连接到电机轴上的任何集成或牢固耦合的电机（参见ISO10816？7）；p） 往复式压缩机系统（见ISO 20816-8）；q） 旋转式容积式压缩机（如螺杆压缩机）；r） 潜水电动泵；和s） 风力涡轮机（参见ISO10816-21）。本文件的要求适用于在稳态下对轴、轴承、轴承座或机器外壳进行的现场宽带振动测量-在其标称运行速度范围内说明运行条件。这些要求涉及验收测试和运行监控。本文件中的评估标准适用于连续和非连续监测情况。本文件的要求涵盖了可能具有齿轮或滚动元件轴承的机器，但不涉及这些齿轮或轴承状况的诊断评估。本文件中的要求仅适用于机组自身产生的振动，而不适用于从外部源传递到机组的振动。

This document specifies the general requirements for evaluating the vibration of various coupled industrial machine types with a power above 15 kW and operating speeds between 120 r/min and 30 000 r/min when measurements are made in-situ. Guidelines for applying evaluation criteria are provided for measurements taken on non-rotating and rotating parts under normal operating conditions. The guidelines are presented in terms of both steady running vibration values and in terms of changes to vibration magnitude, which can occur in these steady values. The numerical values presented are intended to serve as guidelines based on worldwide machine experience, but shall be applied with due regard to specific machine features which can cause these values to be inappropriate. In general, the condition of a machine is assessed by consideration of both the shaft vibration and the associated structural vibration, as well as specific frequency components, which do not always relate to the broadband severity values presented.The machine types covered by this document include:a) steam turbines and generators with outputs less than or equal to 40 MW (see Note 1 and Note 2);b) steam turbines and generators with outputs greater than 40 MW which normally operate at speeds other than 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min (although generators seldom fall into this category) (see Note 1);c) rotary compressors;d) industrial gas turbines with outputs less than or equal to 3 MW (see Note 2);e) turbofans;f) electric motors of any type, if the coupling is flexible. When a motor is rigidly coupled to a machine type covered by any other part of ISO20816, the motor may be assessed either against that other part or against ISO 20816-3;g) rolls and mills;h) conveyors;i) variable speed couplings; andj) blowers or fans (see Note 3).NOTE 1   Land based steam turbines, gas turbines and generators of greater than 40 MW capacity, which run at 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min are covered by the requirements of ISO 20816-2. Generators in hydro-electric plants are covered by ISO 20816-5.NOTE 2   Gas turbines of power greater than 3 MW are covered by ISO 20816-4.NOTE 3   The vibration criteria presented in this document are generally only applicable to fans with power ratings greater than 300 kW or fans which are not flexibly supported. As and when circumstances permit, recommendations for other types of fans, including those of lightweight sheet-metal construction, will be prepared. Until these recommendations are available, classifications can be agreed between the manufacturer and the customer; using results of previous operational experience (see also ISO 14694).Machinery including a geared stage can fall under the scope of this document. For performing acceptance tests of gearboxes please refer to ISO 20816-9.The following types of industrial machine are not covered by this document:k) land-based gas turbines, steam turbines and generators with power outputs greater than 40 MW and speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min (see ISO20816？2);l) gas turbine sets with power outputs greater than 3 MW (see ISO20816？4);m) machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants (see ISO20816？5);n) reciprocating machines and machines solidly coupled to reciprocating machines (see ISO10816？6);o) rotordynamic pumps and any integrated or solidly coupled electric motors where the impeller is mounted directly on the motor shaft or is rigidly attached to it (see ISO10816？7);p) reciprocating compressor systems (see ISO 20816-8);q) rotary positive displacement compressors (e. g. screw compressors);r) submerged motor-pumps; ands) wind turbines (see ISO10816？21).The requirements of this document apply to in-situ broad-band vibration measurements taken on the shafts, bearings, bearing pedestals, or housings of machines under steady-state operating conditions within their nominal operating speed range. The requirements relate to both acceptance testing and operational monitoring. The evaluation criteria included in this document can be applied to both continuous and non-continuous monitoring situations.The requirements of this document cover machines which can have gears or rolling element bearings, but do not address the diagnostic evaluation of the condition of those gears or bearings.The requirements in this document are applicable only for the vibration produced by the machine set itself and not for vibration that is transmitted to the machine set from external sources.

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