ISO 9613-2:2024 声学 户外声传播的衰减 第2部分：户外声压级预测的工程方法
标准编号：ISO 9613-2:2024
中文名称：声学 户外声传播的衰减 第2部分：户外声压级预测的工程方法
英文名称：Acoustics — Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors — Part 2: Engineering method for the prediction of sound pressure levels outdoors
发布日期：2024-01
标准范围
本文件规定了一种工程方法，用于计算声音在室外传播过程中的衰减，以便预测与各种源一定距离处的环境噪声水平。该方法预测等效连续A加权声压级（如ISO？1996系列）在有利于从已知声发射源传播的气象条件下。这些条件是用于顺风传播，还是等效地，用于在发育良好的温和地面下传播？基于温度的逆温，例如通常发生在晴朗、平静的夜晚。延伸水面上的反演条件不包括在内，可能导致比本文件预测的更高的声压级（参见例如参考文献[11]和[12]）。该方法还预测了长-学期平均值A？ISO规定的加权声压级？1996-1和ISO？1996-2.长期平均A？加权声压级包括各种气象条件下的声压级。已经提供了指导，以根据ISO？中规定的与参考或长期时间间隔相关的角风分布来推导气象校正？1996-1:20 16，3.2.1和3.2.2。参考时间间隔的示例是白天、夜晚或具有声压级最大值的夜晚的小时。对一系列参考时间间隔的声音进行平均或评估的长期时间间隔，代表一年的重要部分（例如3？月，6？月还是1？年）。本文档中规定的方法具体由倍频程带算法组成（具有标称中-频段频率从63？赫兹到8？kHz)用于计算源自点声源或点声源组件的声音的衰减。源(或多个源)可以是移动的或静止的。在算法中为以下物理效应提供了特定术语:—？几何发散；—？大气吸收；—？地面效应；—？来自表面的反射；—？障碍物筛选。关于通过树叶、工业场所和住房繁殖的其他信息见附件？A.支持工业场所声音预测的烟囱的方向性已包含在附件中？B.一个例子是如何进行远距离气象订正的？C0可以根据当地的风来确定——附件中给出了气候学？C.过去几十年的经验附录中总结了如何预测风力涡轮机引起的声压级？D.该方法在实践中适用于多种噪声源和环境。它直接或间接地适用于与公路或铁路交通、工业噪声源、建筑活动和许多其他地面噪声源有关的大多数情况。它不适用于飞行中飞机发出的声音，也不适用于采矿、军事或类似作业产生的冲击波。为了应用本文的方法，需要知道关于声源和环境的几何形状、地面特征以及根据与传播相关的方向的八度频带声功率级的声源强度的几个参数。如果一个？声源的加权声功率级是已知的，衰减项为500？Hz可用于估计所得衰减。该方法的准确性及其在实践中使用的局限性在条款？9.
This document specifies an engineering method for calculating the attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors in order to predict the levels of environmental noise at a distance from a variety of sources. The method predicts the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (as described in ISO 1996-series) under meteorological conditions favourable to propagation from sources of known sound emission.
These conditions are for downwind propagation or, equivalently, propagation under a well-developed moderate ground？based temperature inversion, such as commonly occurs in clear, calm nights. Inversion conditions over extended water surfaces are not covered and may result in higher sound pressure levels than predicted from this document (see e.g. References [11] and [12]).
The method also predicts a long-term average A？weighted sound pressure level as specified in ISO 1996-1 and ISO 1996-2. The long-term average A？weighted sound pressure level encompasses levels for a wide variety of meteorological conditions.
Guidance has been provided to derive a meteorological correction based on the angular wind distribution relevant for the reference or long-term time interval as specified in ISO 1996-1:2016, 3.2.1 and 3.2.2. Examples for reference time intervals are day, night, or the hour of the night with the largest value of the sound pressure level. Long-term time intervals over which the sound of a series of reference time intervals is averaged or assessed representing a significant fraction of a year (e.g. 3 months, 6 months or 1 year).
The method specified in this document consists specifically of octave band algorithms (with nominal mid-band frequencies from 63 Hz to 8 kHz) for calculating the attenuation of sound which originates from a point sound source, or an assembly of point sources. The source (or sources) may be moving or stationary. Specific terms are provided in the algorithms for the following physical effects:
— geometrical divergence;
— atmospheric absorption;
— ground effect;
— reflection from surfaces;
— screening by obstacles.
Additional information concerning propagation through foliage, industrial sites and housing is given in Annex A. The directivity of chimney-stacks to support the sound predictions for industrial sites has been included with Annex B. An example how the far-distance meteorological correction C0 can be determined from the local wind-climatology is given in Annex C. Experiences of the last decades how to predict the sound pressure levels caused by wind turbines is summarized in Annex D.
The method is applicable in practice to a great variety of noise sources and environments. It is applicable, directly, or indirectly, to most situations concerning road or rail traffic, industrial noise sources, construction activities, and many other ground-based noise sources. It does not apply to sound from aircraft in flight, or to blast waves from mining, military, or similar operations.
To apply the method of this document, several parameters need to be known with respect to the geometry of the source and of the environment, the ground surface characteristics, and the source strength in terms of octave band sound power levels for directions relevant to the propagation.
If only A？weighted sound power levels of the sources are known, the attenuation terms for 500 Hz may be used to estimate the resulting attenuation.
The accuracy of the method and the limitations to its use in practice are described in Clause 9.
标准预览图
