ISO 22840:2010 智能运输系统 帮助背面操纵的设备 扩大范围的倒车辅助系统（ERBA）

标准编号：ISO 22840:2010

中文名称：智能运输系统 帮助背面操纵的设备 扩大范围的倒车辅助系统（ERBA）

英文名称：Intelligent transport systems — Devices to aid reverse manoeuvres — Extended-range backing aid systems (ERBA)

发布日期：2010-04

标准范围

ISO 22840:2010关于增程倒车辅助装置（ERBA）的规定适用于配备此类ERBA系统的轻型车辆[例如乘用车、皮卡车、轻型货车和运动型多用途车（摩托车除外）]。ISO 22840:2010规定了驾驶员对系统的最低功能要求，如在规定的检测范围内检测相关障碍物并提供相关信息。ISO 22840:2010还规定了故障指示和性能测试程序的最低要求。ISO 22840:2010包括一般信息策略的规则，但不限制信息或显示系统的种类。ERBA系统旨在为目标车辆后部的扩展区域提供倒车辅助功能。ERBA系统不适用于车辆正后方障碍物的短程检测。如果需要一个短程探测系统来代替或补充ERBA系统，可以参考ISO 17386。ISO 22840:2010不包括重型商用车辆上使用的倒车辅助装置和障碍物检测装置。ISO/TR 12155中定义了这些系统的要求。ISO 22840:2010不包括能见度增强系统，例如没有距离测距和警告功能的摄像机辅助设备。ERBA系统使用目标检测设备（传感器）进行检测和测距，以便根据到障碍物的距离向驾驶员提供信息。传感技术没有得到解决；然而，技术确实会影响ISO 22840:2010中定义的性能测试程序。测试对象的定义基于使用超声波和雷达传感器的系统，这是长期以来最常用的检测技术-ISO 22840:2010发布时的范围应用。ERBA系统旨在补充车内和车外后视镜，而不是消除对此类后视镜的要求。ISO 22840:2010中未涉及自动操作（例如，应用制动器以防止目标车辆与障碍物之间发生碰撞）。驾驶员仍需对车辆的安全运行负责。ERBA系统计算碰撞危险的动态估计（例如，可能使用碰撞时间算法），并警告驾驶员需要立即注意以避免与检测到的障碍物碰撞。在倒车时，如果车辆与障碍物之间的相对关闭速度比低速情况（如停车）更大，则需要对较高的车速发出动态警告。此动态警告的目的是向驾驶员发出更紧急的警告，以便驾驶员及时采取行动。距离指示是可选的，但如果包括，建议参考ISO 15008的要求。

ISO 22840:2010 for extended-range backing aids (ERBA) addresses light-duty vehicles [e.g. passenger cars, pick-up trucks, light vans and sport utility vehicles (motorcycles excluded)] equipped with such ERBA systems. ISO 22840:2010 establishes minimum functionality requirements that the driver can expect of the system, such as the detection of and information on the presence of relevant obstacles within a defined detection range. ISO 22840:2010 also sets minimum requirements for failure indication as well as performance test procedures. ISO 22840:2010 includes rules for the general information strategy but does not restrict the kind of information or display system.ERBA systems are intended to provide backing aid functionality over an extended area located aft of the subject vehicle. ERBA systems are not intended for short-range detection of obstacles located immediately behind the vehicle. If a short-range detection system is needed, either in lieu of or in addition to an ERBA system, reference can be made to ISO 17386.ISO 22840:2010 does not include reversing aids and obstacle-detection devices for use on heavy commercial vehicles. Requirements for those systems are defined in ISO/TR 12155. ISO 22840:2010 does not include visibility-enhancement systems, such as video-camera aids that do not have distance ranging and warning capabilities.ERBA systems use object-detection devices (sensors) for detection and ranging in order to provide the driver with information based on the distance to obstacles. The sensing technology is not addressed; however, technology does affect the performance test procedures defined in ISO 22840:2010. The test objects are defined based on systems using ultrasonic and radar sensors, which are the most commonly used detection technology for long-range applications at the time of publication of ISO 22840:2010.ERBA systems are intended to supplement the interior and exterior rear view mirrors, not eliminate the requirement for such mirrors. Automatic actions (e.g. applying brakes to prevent a collision between the subject vehicle and the obstacle) are not addressed in ISO 22840:2010. Responsibility for the safe operation of the vehicle remains with the driver.ERBA systems calculate a dynamic estimate of collision danger (e.g. perhaps using a time-to-collision algorithm) and warn the driver that immediate attention is required in order to avoid colliding with the detected obstacle. A dynamic warning is necessary for the higher vehicle speeds that occur in backing events where the relative closing velocities between the vehicle and the obstacle are greater as compared to low-speed situations, such as parking. The purpose of this dynamic warning is to deliver a more urgent warning to the driver in order for the driver to take timely action. Distance indications are optional, but if so included, it is recommended that reference be made to ISO 15008 for requirements.

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