ISO 29904:2013 消防化学 气溶胶的生成和测量
标准编号：ISO 29904:2013
中文名称：消防化学 气溶胶的生成和测量
英文名称：Fire chemistry — Generation and measurement of aerosols
发布日期：2013-09
标准范围
ISO 29904:2013提供了火灾中气溶胶颗粒生成的指南，定义了气溶胶采样和测量的设备和程序，并提供了数据解释和报告的程序。它旨在帮助火灾测试设计者和那些在不必要的火灾中进行测量的人选择和使用适当的方法来测量对人和环境的不同危害的气溶胶。ISO 29904:2013确定了每种方法的范围、适用性和局限性。这些测量数据的解释很大程度上取决于数据的最终用途。火灾产生的气溶胶可能通过遮挡出口路线而带来限制从火灾中逃生的直接风险，或者它们可能因气溶胶中所含的化合物（例如，有毒化学品如煤烟中的多环芳烃或放射性核素）而产生慢性健康和环境危害。)根据气溶胶颗粒的大小和密度，气溶胶颗粒可以被吸入肺部的不同深度，也可以被释放到环境中并沉积在陆地和水道中。特别是，它解决了火灾中气溶胶产生和测量的以下方面:吸附/溶解的气相或气相物质；涉及气溶胶传输、在火羽中的扩散、导致颗粒尺寸和分数变化的凝结/团聚、“热泳”（烟灰沉积的主要原因）、“扩散泳”和沉降的物理机制。气体、蒸汽和气溶胶之间的相互作用:从气相中吸附和去除物质，将吸附的气体输送到肺中；取样和测量方法，包括其操作原理、方法说明、提供的数据，以及在每种情况下其范围、应用领域、优点和缺点；计量学的测量方法，以及在“标准气溶胶”的生成中，以及相关的不确定度；气溶胶的生理和环境影响，只要这些影响可用于确定特定应用的测量方法；和通过其尺寸、形态、化学性质以及它们悬浮在（或曾经）中的流出物的性质，以可见“烟雾”的形式存在于火灾流出物中的碳颗粒的危害。ISO 29904:2013不针对受控燃烧产生的气溶胶。（例如焚烧）。然而，ISO 29904:2013中的许多材料对于此类气溶胶是常见的。
ISO 29904:2013 provides a guide to the generation of aerosol particles in fires, defines apparatus and procedures for the sampling and measurement of aerosols, and provides procedures for the interpretation and reporting of the data. It is intended to assist fire test designers and those making measurements at unwanted fires to choose and use appropriate methods for aerosol measurement for differing hazards to people and the environment.ISO 29904:2013 identifies the scope, applicability, and limitations of each method. The interpretation of the data from these measurements is strongly dependent on the end use of the data.Fire-generated aerosols may present a direct risk of restricting escape from fire by obscuring an exit route, or they may produce chronic health and environmental hazards from chemical compounds contained in the aerosol (for example, toxic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soot or radionuclides form nuclear plant fires.) Aerosol particles may be inhaled to various depths in the lungs, depending on their size and density, or may be released into the environment and deposited on land and in watercourses.In particular, it addresses the following aspects of aerosol generation and measurement in fires:
- Adsorbed/dissolved gas or vapour phase species;
- Physical mechanisms involved in the transport of aerosols, dispersal in the fire plume, coagulation/agglomeration leading to variation in particle sizes and fractions, "thermophoresis" (main cause of soot deposition), "diffusiophoresis" and, sedimentation.
- The interactions between gases and vapours and aerosol: adsorption and removal of species from gas phase, transportation of adsorbed gases into the lungs;
- Sampling and measurement methods, including their principles of operation, method description, the data provided, and in each case their scope, field of application, advantages and disadvantages;
- Metrology of the measurement methods, and in the generation of "standard aerosols", and the related uncertainties;
- Physiological and environmental effects of aerosols insofar as these effects can be used to define the measurement method for specific applications; and
- Hazards of carbon particles present in the fire effluent as visible "smoke" through their size, morphology, chemical nature, and the nature of the effluent in which they are (or were) suspended.
标准预览图
