ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 识别卡 无接触点集成电路卡 接近式卡 第2部分：空气接口和初始化

标准编号：ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006

中文名称：识别卡 无接触点集成电路卡 接近式卡 第2部分：空气接口和初始化

英文名称：Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Vicinity cards — Part 2: Air interface and initialization

发布日期：2006-12

标准范围

ISO/IEC 15693是一系列非接触式智能卡国际标准的一部分。公众可以将该卡放在钱包或钱包中携带，当卡被放在终端设备附近时，可以进入某个地方、商品或服务。此外，该卡还可以连接到行李和贵重物品等物品上，然后在阅读设备附近追踪这些物品。ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006定义了邻近卡和读取设备之间的电源和通信接口。ISO/IEC 15693的其他部分定义了卡的物理尺寸以及卡和读卡器解释的命令。电源通过读卡器中产生的交流电场（也称为耦合器）耦合到邻近卡；电源场的频率为13.56 MHz，是全球可用的工业、科学和医疗（ISM）频率之一。当卡收到足够的电源时，它能够响应耦合器发送的命令。耦合器通过调制电源场和使用称为脉冲位置调制的调制系统向卡发送命令，其中单个脉冲相对于已知参考点的位置编码一个半字节或一字节数据的值。这允许卡几乎连续地从场中吸取最大能量。无电源的邻近卡可以在距离耦合器1米的范围内通电，耦合器只能在国际射频（RF）法规允许的范围内传输功率。邻近卡仅在收到有效命令时才会响应，该命令从耦合器范围内的可能卡集合中选择一张卡。这种碰撞检测和选择过程，也称为防碰撞，是通过检测编码到每张卡中的唯一标识号实现的。ISO/IEC 15693-3中定义了防碰撞和使用的命令。该卡通过从磁场中提取更多或更少的功率来响应耦合器，并生成一个或两个子节点-大约450千赫的载波。这些被打开和关闭，以提供曼彻斯特编码的数据，然后由耦合器检测。因此，电源和双向通信在邻近卡和耦合器之间形成空中接口。当从卡到耦合器进行通信时，接口可以灵活地选择一个或两个子载波，同时也可以使用从耦合器到卡的慢速或快速数据速率，这使得系统能够进行调整，以适应不同的操作要求，从短距离的高射频噪声使用到长距离的低射频噪声使用。

ISO/IEC 15693 forms part of a series of International Standards that specify a contactless smart card. The card can be carried by members of the public in a purse or wallet and when presented nearby a terminal device give access to places, goods or services. In addition, the card can be attached to objects like bags and valuable items which can then be tracked whilst in the vicinity of a reading device. ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 defines the power and communications interface between the vicinity card and the reading device. Other parts of ISO/IEC 15693 define the physical dimensions of the card and the commands interpreted by the card and reader.Power is coupled to the vicinity card by an a.c. field produced in the reader, also known as a coupler; the powering field has a frequency of 13,56 MHz and is one of the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequencies available for worldwide use. When sufficient power is received by the card, it is able to respond to commands sent from the coupler. The coupler sends commands to the card by modulating the powering field and by using a modulation system known as pulse position modulation, whereby the position of a single pulse relative to a known reference point codes the value of a nibble or byte of data. This allows the card to draw the maximum energy from the field almost continuously. Vicinity cards, which have no power source, can be energized at ranges of up to 1 m from a coupler that can only transmit power within the limits permitted by international radio frequency (RF) regulations.A vicinity card only responds when it receives a valid command that selects a single card from a possible collection of cards within range of the coupler. This process of collision detection and selection, also known as anti-collision, is made possible by detecting the unique identification number encoded into every card. Anti-collision and the commands used are defined in ISO/IEC 15693-3. The card responds to the coupler by drawing more or less power from the field and generates one or two sub-carriers of around 450 kHz. These are switched on and off to provide Manchester-encoded data that are then detected by the coupler.Thus both power and bi-directional communications form the air interface between the vicinity card and the coupler. It is the flexibility of the interface to select one or two sub-carriers when communicating from card to coupler, whilst also using slow or fast data rates from the coupler to the card, that allows systems to be tuned to suit different operational requirements ranging from use with high RF noise at short range to low RF noise at long range.

标准预览图