ISO 11929-4:2020 电离辐射测量的特性限值的测定（判定阈值、探测极限和覆盖区间的极限） 基础和应用 第4部分：应用指南

标准编号：ISO 11929-4:2020

中文名称：电离辐射测量的特性限值的测定（判定阈值、探测极限和覆盖区间的极限） 基础和应用 第4部分：应用指南

英文名称：Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and limits of the coverage interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation — Fundamentals and application — Part 4: Gui

发布日期：2020-09

标准范围

本文件规定了电离辐射计量领域的一个程序，用于计算非负电离辐射测量的“判定阈值”、“检测限”和“覆盖区间限”，以及进行预选时间或计数的计数测量。测量结果来自总计数率和背景计数率，以及基于评估模型的进一步数量。具体而言，被测量物可以是净计数率，即总计数率和背景计数率之差，也可以是样本的净活动。它还可能受到测量系统校准、样品处理和其他因素的影响。ISO 11929分为四个部分，涵盖ISO 11929-1中的基本应用，以及基于ISO/IEC指南98-3:2008/Suppl的高级应用。ISO 11929-2中的1，ISO 11929-3中展开方法的应用，以及ISO 11929-4中的应用指南。ISO 11929-1涵盖了电离辐射计量领域中常用的计数测量的基本应用。它仅限于可根据ISO/IEC指南98-3（JCGM 2008）评估不确定性的应用。ISO 11929-1:2019附录A中包含随机影响重复计数测量的特殊情况，ISO 11929-1:2019附录B中包含线性模拟速率计的测量。根据ISO/IEC指南98-3:2008/Suppl，ISO 11929-2将ISO 11929-1扩展至测量不确定度的评估。1.ISO 11929-2还提供了一些关于计数测量和测量中贝叶斯统计的一般方面的解释性说明。ISO 11929-3涉及使用展开方法评估测量，以及如果使用展开方法进行评估，则计算光谱多通道测量，尤其是α和γ光谱测量。此外，它还提供了一些如何处理相关性和协方差的建议。ISO 11929-4为ISO 11929（所有部分）的应用提供了指南，简要总结了一般程序，然后给出了广泛的数值示例。这些示例包括符合ISO 11929-1和ISO 11929-2的基本应用。如果涉及类似的评估模型，ISO 11929（所有部分）也同样适用于任何类型的其他测量。在其他国际标准中可以找到更多的实例，例如，参见参考文献[1至20]。

This document specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the "decision threshold", the "detection limit" and the "limits of the coverage interval" for a non？negative ionizing radiation measurand when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out. The measurand results from a gross count rate and a background count rate as well as from further quantities on the basis of a model of the evaluation. In particular, the measurand can be the net count rate as the difference of the gross count rate and the background count rate, or the net activity of a sample. It can also be influenced by calibration of the measuring system, by sample treatment and by other factors.ISO 11929 has been divided into four parts covering elementary applications in ISO 11929-1, advanced applications on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl.1 in ISO 11929-2, applications to unfolding methods in ISO 11929-3, and guidance to the application in ISO 11929-4.ISO 11929-1 covers basic applications of counting measurements frequently used in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. It is restricted to applications for which the uncertainties can be evaluated on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (JCGM 2008). In ISO 11929-1:2019, Annex A the special case of repeated counting measurements with random influences and in ISO 11929-1:2019, Annex B, measurements with linear analogous ratemeters are covered.ISO 11929-2 extends ISO 11929-1 to the evaluation of measurement uncertainties according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl.1. ISO 11929-2 also presents some explanatory notes regarding general aspects of counting measurements and Bayesian statistics in measurements.ISO 11929-3 deals with the evaluation of measurements using unfolding methods and counting spectrometric multi-channel measurements if evaluated by unfolding methods, in particular, alpha- and gamma-spectrometric measurements. Further, it provides some advice how to deal with correlations and covariances.ISO 11929-4 gives guidance to the application of ISO 11929 (all parts), summarizing shortly the general procedure and then presenting a wide range of numerical examples. The examples cover elementary applications according to ISO 11929-1 and ISO 11929-2.The ISO 11929 (all parts) also applies analogously to other measurements of any kind if a similar model of the evaluation is involved. Further practical examples can be found in other International Standards, for example, see References [1 to 20].

标准预览图