ISO/TR 15655:2003 防火-防火工程设计提高温度的结构材料的机械特性和热物理试验

标准编号：ISO/TR 15655:2003

中文名称：防火-防火工程设计提高温度的结构材料的机械特性和热物理试验

英文名称：Fire resistance — Tests for thermo-physical and mechanical properties of structural materials at elevated temperatures for fire engineering design

发布日期：2003-04

标准范围

ISO/TR 15655:2003确定了已经存在的试验方法，并提供了需要开发的试验方法的指南，以描述用于消防安全工程计算的结构材料在高温下的热物理和机械性能。本标准适用于承重结构中使用的材料，其中可能需要进行结构和热计算，以评估暴露于标准火灾试验、实际或设计火灾加热条件下的元件或系统的性能人们认识到，材料的高温性能可以在各种条件下确定。由于火灾是一个相对较短的瞬态过程，持续时间从几分钟到几个小时不等，因此理想情况下，确定的特性应反映瞬态热和载荷条件，以及实际中可能经历的加热持续时间。然而，人们也认识到，一些特性对瞬态条件相对不敏感，因此，替代稳态试验方法可能是合适的。一些特性对方向效应敏感，例如木材，应考虑如何进行测试。如果材料在加热过程中发生化学或物理反应，则可能无法确定单个特性。ISO/TR 15655:2003给出了选择试验方法以确定代表性能组合的有效值的指南。还应认识到，试样可能由小型结构组成，例如用于砌体测试的结构。这通常需要构建一个小型组件，形成一个金字塔，以代表真实的行为。除了金属、混凝土、砖石和木材等传统建筑材料外，塑料和纤维增强材料的使用越来越普遍。因此，这些材料也包含在ISO/TR 15655:2003中，以反映未来设计的可能变化和材料技术的进步。在过去，接合系统在火灾中的行为只受到很少的关注，但它们的行为对复合构件和结构框架的性能至关重要。ISO/TR 15655:2003还讨论了个别材料下的接合系统，例如钢的焊接、木材的胶水，这些都在该节中考虑。然而，在许多情况下，粘合剂的最终用途并不明确，或者它涵盖了一系列应用。出于这个原因，包含了一个单独的粘合剂类别。对于某些材料，无法确定在稳态或瞬态加热条件下进行高温试验的现有标准或实验室程序。在这些情况下，确定了在环境温度下进行试验的标准。这些可以被认为是开发适合高温的试验方法的基础。

ISO/TR 15655:2003 identifies test methods already in existence and provides guidance on those that need to be developed to characterize the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of structural materials at elevated temperatures for use in fire safety engineering calculations.It is applicable to materials used in load-bearing construction in which structural and thermal calculations might be required to assess the performance of elements or systems exposed to either standard fire tests, real or design fire heating conditionsIt is recognized that the elevated temperature properties of materials can be determined under a variety of conditions. Since fire is a relatively short transient process lasting from a few minutes to several hours, ideally, the properties determined should reflect the transient thermal and loading conditions as well as the duration of heating that may be experienced in practice. However, it is also recognized that some properties are relatively insensitive to the transient conditions and therefore, alternative steady state test methods may be appropriate. Some properties are sensitive to orientation effects, for example timber, and these should be considered with respect to how the tests are conducted.In cases where materials undergo either a chemical or a physical reaction during the heating process, it might be impossible to determine an individual property. ISO/TR 15655:2003 gives guidance in selecting a test method to determine an effective value representing a combination of properties. It is also recognized that a test specimen may comprise of a small construction such as that used in the testing of masonry. This often involves building a mini assembly to form a pyramid in order to represent the true behaviour.Apart from the traditional construction materials such as metals, concrete, masonry and wood, the use of plastics and fibre reinforcement is becoming more common. Therefore these materials have also been included in ISO/TR 15655:2003 to reflect possible future changes in design and advances in materials technology.In the past, the behaviour of jointing systems in fire has only received a little interest yet their behaviour is fundamental to the performance of composite elements and structural frames. ISO/TR 15655:2003 also addresses jointing systems under individual materials, for example welds for steel, glues for timber, they are considered in that section. However, in many cases the end use of an adhesive is not clear or it covers a range of applications. For this reason a separate category for adhesives is included.For some materials, it has not been possible to identify an existing standard or laboratory procedure for conducting tests at elevated temperatures under either steady state or, transient heating conditions. In these cases, standards for conducting tests at ambient temperature are identified. These may be considered to form the basis for development into a test method suitable at elevated temperatures.

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