ISO 19111:2019 地理信息 基于坐标的空间参照

标准编号：ISO 19111:2019

中文名称：地理信息 基于坐标的空间参照

英文名称：Geographic information — Referencing by coordinates

发布日期：2019-01

标准范围

本文档定义了描述坐标引用的概念模式。它描述了定义坐标参考系所需的最少数据。本文件支持以下定义:-坐标值不随时间变化的空间坐标参考系。系统可以:-是大地测量的，并在国家或区域基础上适用，或-在当地申请，例如为建筑物或建筑工地申请，或-局部应用于图像或图像传感器；-指移动平台，例如汽车、船舶、飞机或航天器。这种坐标参考系统可以通过包括时间元素的变换与以地球为基准的第二坐标参考系统相关；-空间坐标参考系，其中地球表面上或附近的点的坐标值由于构造板块运动或其他地壳变形而随时间变化。这种动态系统包括时间演化，然而它们本质上仍然是空间的；-使用随高度或深度单调变化的非空间参数的参数坐标参考系；-使用随时间单调变化的日期时间、时间计数或时间测量量的时间坐标参考系统；-混合空间、参数或时间坐标参考系。坐标参考系的定义不随时间变化，尽管在一些情况下，一些定义参数可以包括参数的变化率。动态和时间坐标参考系内的坐标值可以随时间变化。本文档还描述了用于定义描述改变坐标值的操作所需信息的概念模式。除了定义坐标参考系或坐标操作所需的最小数据之外，概念模式允许提供附加的描述性信息——坐标参考系元数据。本文件适用于地理信息的生产者和使用者。虽然它适用于数字地理数据，但本文档中描述的原理可以扩展到许多其他形式的空间数据，如地图、图表和文本文档。

This document defines the conceptual schema for the description of referencing by coordinates. It describes the minimum data required to define coordinate reference systems. This document supports the definition of:— spatial coordinate reference systems where coordinate values do not change with time. The system may:

• — be geodetic and apply on a national or regional basis, or
• — apply locally such as for a building or construction site, or
• — apply locally to an image or image sensor;
• — be referenced to a moving platform such as a car, a ship, an aircraft or a spacecraft. Such a coordinate reference system can be related to a second coordinate reference system which is referenced to the Earth through a transformation that includes a time element;

— spatial coordinate reference systems in which coordinate values of points on or near the surface of the earth change with time due to tectonic plate motion or other crustal deformation. Such dynamic systems include time evolution, however they remain spatial in nature;— parametric coordinate reference systems which use a non-spatial parameter that varies monotonically with height or depth;— temporal coordinate reference systems which use dateTime, temporal count or temporal measure quantities that vary monotonically with time;— mixed spatial, parametric or temporal coordinate reference systems.The definition of a coordinate reference system does not change with time, although in some cases some of the defining parameters can include a rate of change of the parameter. The coordinate values within a dynamic and in a temporal coordinate reference system can change with time.This document also describes the conceptual schema for defining the information required to describe operations that change coordinate values.In addition to the minimum data required for the definition of the coordinate reference system or coordinate operation, the conceptual schema allows additional descriptive information - coordinate reference system metadata - to be provided.This document is applicable to producers and users of geographic information. Although it is applicable to digital geographic data, the principles described in this document can be extended to many other forms of spatial data such as maps, charts and text documents.

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