ISO/IEC 26513:2009 系统和软件工程 用户文件的测试者和审查者要求

标准编号：ISO/IEC 26513:2009

中文名称：系统和软件工程 用户文件的测试者和审查者要求

英文名称：Systems and software engineering - Requirements for testers and reviewers of user documentation

发布日期：2009-10

标准范围

ISO/IEC 26513:2009支持软件用户接收一致、完整、准确和可用的文档的兴趣。它定义了测试用户文档产品的过程。ISO/IEC 26513:2009既不鼓励也不阻止使用印刷或电子（屏幕上）媒体进行文档，也不鼓励使用任何特定的文档测试或管理工具或方法。ISO/IEC 26513:2009规定了用于测试和审查用户文档的流程。它不仅限于生命周期的测试和审查阶段，还包括整个信息管理和文档管理过程中的活动。ISO/IEC 26513:2009提供了测试和审查用户文档的最低要求，包括印刷的和在线的。系统软件用户在工作环境中使用的屏幕文档。它适用于印刷用户手册、在线帮助、教程和用户参考文档。ISO/IEC 26513:2009中的条款顺序并不意味着软件用户文档应按此顺序进行测试。在每个条款中，要求尽可能与媒体无关。附录A和B中的信息清单可用于文档过程的每个阶段，以验证已执行适当的步骤，并且成品具有可接受的质量。ISO/IEC 26513:2009有助于测试和审查以下类型的文档:软件以外的产品文档，例如硬件或设备；使用动画、视频和声音的多媒体系统；主要用于正式培训计划的基于计算机的培训（CBT）包和专门课程材料；为不是最终用户的安装人员、计算机操作员或系统管理员制作的文档；描述系统软件内部操作的维护文档。ISO/IEC 26513:2009适用于测试人员、评审人员和其他相关角色，包括各种专家:可用性测试人员、文档评审人员和主题专家；在文档集中规划产品的结构和格式的信息设计师和架构师；可用性专家和业务分析师，他们确定目标用户将使用软件执行的任务。在文档过程中具有其他角色和兴趣的人也可以查阅它。软件开发过程或文档过程的管理者应该考虑将文档的测试作为他们计划和管理活动的一部分。尤其是项目经理，在计划文档的测试和审查中扮演着重要的角色。文档测试可能会突出显示用于创建或显示屏幕文档的工具中的任何缺陷或不符合项。类似地，文档的可用性测试可能会突出文档以及相关图形和其他媒体的呈现或布局的缺陷或不一致。因此，有许多角色应该参与文档的测试，因为他们的工作会影响用户文档的内容、显示或呈现，例如，用于在-屏幕文档、制作作为文档一部分显示的材料的图形设计师、确定使文档更易于访问和使用的原则的人为因素专家，以及共同设计文档在屏幕上的呈现的用户界面设计师和人体工程学专家。在一些组织中，这些角色可能有不同的头衔，或者一个人可能执行多个这些角色。还有其他角色需要了解文档的测试过程，例如，作者应该了解为他们制作的文档处理的测试，而由另一个部门或组织准备的文档的购买者可能想知道他们从供应商处获得的文档执行了什么测试和遵循的过程。ISO/IEC 26513:2009旨在用于所有类型的组织，无论是否存在专门的文档部门。在所有情况下，它都可以用作当地标准和程序的基础。假设读者具有测试或评审过程的经验或一般知识。ISO/IEC 26513:2009仅涉及文档的评估，而不涉及其支持的软件的评估。文档也包括在软件产品的评估中，如在ISO/IEC 25000系列标准中，特别是ISO/IEC 25051:2006软件工程-软件产品质量要求和评估（SQuaRE）-商业现成（COTS）软件产品质量要求和测试说明中。

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 supports the interest of software users in receiving consistent, complete, accurate, and usable documentation. It defines the process in which user documentation products are tested.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 is intended neither to encourage nor discourage the use of either printed or electronic (on-screen) media for documentation, or of any particular documentation testing or management tools or methodologies.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 specifies processes for use in testing and reviewing of user documentation. It is not limited to the test and review phase of the life cycle, but includes activities throughout the Information Management and Documentation Management processes.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 provides the minimum requirements for the testing and reviewing of user documentation, including both printed and on-screen documents used in the work environment by the users of systems software. It applies to printed user manuals, online help, tutorials, and user reference documentation.

The order of clauses in ISO/IEC 26513:2009 does not imply that the software user documentation should be tested in this order.

In each clause, the requirements are media-independent, as far as possible. The informative checklists found in Annexes A and B may be used at each phase of the documentation process to verify that the appropriate steps have been carried out, and that the finished product has acceptable quality.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 can be helpful for testing and reviewing the following types of documentation:

• documentation of products other than software, for example, hardware or devices;


• multimedia systems using animation, video, and sound;


• computer-based training (CBT) packages and specialized course materials intended primarily for use in formal training programs;


• documentation produced for installers, computer operators, or system administrators who are not end users;


• maintenance documentation describing the internal operation of systems software.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 is applicable to testers, reviewers, and other related roles, including a variety of specialists:

• usability testers, documentation reviewers, and subject-matter experts;


• information designers and architects who plan the structure and format of products in a documentation set;


• usability specialists and business analysts who identify the tasks the intended users will perform with the software.

It can also be consulted by those with other roles and interests in the documentation process.

Managers of the software development process or the documentation process should consider the testing of documentation as part of their planning and management activities. Project managers, in particular, have an important role in planning the testing and reviewing of documentation.

Testing of the documentation is likely to highlight any defects or nonconformances in tools that are used to create or display on-screen documentation. Similarly, usability testing of the documentation is likely to highlight defects or nonconformances with the presentation or layout of documentation and associated graphics and other media. As a result, there are a number of roles that should be involved in the testing of documentation because their work affects the content, display or presentation of documentation for the user, for example, developers of tools for creating on-screen documentation, graphic designers producing material displayed as part of the documentation, and human-factors experts who identify principles for making documentation more accessible and easily used, also user interface designers and ergonomics experts working together to design the presentation of the documentation on-screen. In some organizations these roles may have different titles, or an individual may perform more than one of these roles.

There are other roles that need to understand the test processes for the documentation, for example authors should understand the test processed for the documentation that they have produced, and acquirers of documentation prepared by another department or organization, might want to know what testing has been performed and the processes followed for the documentation that they are acquiring from a supplier.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 is intended for use in all types of organizations, whether or not a dedicated documentation department is present. In all cases, it may be used as a basis for local standards and procedures. Readers are assumed to have experience or general knowledge of testing or reviewing processes.

ISO/IEC 26513:2009 deals with the evaluation of documentation only, and not with the evaluation of the software it supports. Documentation is also included in evaluation of the software product, as in the ISO/IEC 25000 series of standards, in particular, ISO/IEC 25051:2006 Software engineering — Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Requirements for quality of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software product and instructions for testing.

标准预览图