ISO 20043-1:2021 环境中放射性的测量 使用环境监测数据进行有效剂量评估的指南 第1部分：计划的和现有的暴露情况
标准编号：ISO 20043-1:2021
中文名称：环境中放射性的测量 使用环境监测数据进行有效剂量评估的指南 第1部分：计划的和现有的暴露情况
英文名称：Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Guidelines for effective dose assessment using environmental monitoring data — Part 1: Planned and existing exposure situation
发布日期：2021-01
标准范围
这些国际准则基于这样一个假设，即对环境成分（大气、水、土壤和生物群）以及食品质量的监测确保了人类健康的保护。该指南构成了制定国家法规和标准的基础，尤其是监测空气、水和食品，以支持公共卫生，特别是保护公众免受电离辐射。本文件提供-收集评估人类暴露于不同环境分区（大气、水、土壤、生物成分）和食物中自然存在或由人类活动排放的放射性核素所需数据的指南；-公众暴露的前瞻性和/或回顾性剂量评估方法所需的环境特征指南；-核设施中负责准备放射性评估以支持许可证或授权申请的工作人员以及负责评估公众剂量以确定气体或液体流出物放射性排放授权的国家当局官员的指南；-向公众提供用于对具有代表性的人/人群的任何接触情况进行剂量评估的参数信息。重要的是，剂量评估过程必须透明，并且可以参与选择待考虑代表人习惯的利益相关者清楚地理解假设。本文介绍了用于人体辐射暴露评估的通用数学模型，以确定要监测的参数，以便从测量结果集中选择这些参数值的“最佳估计”。通常使用更复杂的模型，需要了解补充参数。本文件不包括参考值和极限值。
These international guidelines are based on the assumption that monitoring of environmental components (atmosphere, water, soil and biota) as well as food quality ensure the protection of human health[2][4][5][6][7][8]. The guidelines constitute a basis for the setting of national regulations and standards, inter alia, for monitoring air, water and food in support of public health, specifically to protect the public from ionizing radiation.
This document provides
— guidance to collect data needed for the assessment of human exposure to radionuclides naturally present or discharged by anthropogenic activities in the different environmental compartments (atmosphere, waters, soils, biological components) and food;
— guidance on the environmental characterization needed for the prospective and/or retrospective dose assessment methods of public exposure;
— guidance for staff in nuclear installations responsible for the preparation of radiological assessments in support of permit or authorization applications and national authorities' officers in charge of the assessment of doses to the public for the purposes of determining gaseous or liquid effluent radioactive discharge authorizations;
— information for the public on the parameters used to conduct a dose assessment for any exposure situations to a representative person/population. It is important that the dose assessment process be transparent, and that assumptions are clearly understood by stakeholders who can participate in, for example, the selection of habits of the representative person to be considered.
Generic mathematical models used for the assessment of radiological human exposure are presented to identify the parameters to monitor, in order to select, from the set of measurement results, the "best estimates" of these parameter values. More complex models are often used that require the knowledge of supplementary parameters.
The reference and limit values are not included in this document.
标准预览图
