ISO 13571:2007 火灾威胁生命的要素 用火灾数据对可利用来逃生的时间的评估指南

标准编号：ISO 13571:2007

中文名称：火灾威胁生命的要素 用火灾数据对可利用来逃生的时间的评估指南

英文名称：Life-threatening components of fire — Guidelines for the estimation of time available for escape using fire data

发布日期：2007-06

标准范围

ISO 13571:2007只是消防安全工程中可用的众多工具之一。它旨在与模型结合使用，用于分析火灾的发生和发展、火灾蔓延、烟雾的形成和移动、化学物质的生成、运输和衰变、人员移动，以及火灾探测和灭火。ISO 13571:2007仅在这种情况下使用。ISO 13571:2007旨在解决居住者在封闭结构中移动时，人类暴露于火灾的生命威胁组件的后果。火灾流出物的时间依赖浓度和火灾的热环境取决于火灾增长率、相关燃料产生的各种火灾气体的产量、这些火灾气体的衰减特性以及结构内的通风模式。一旦确定，ISO 13571:2007中提出的方法可用于估算可用逃逸时间。ISO 13571:2007提供了关于建立程序的指南，以评估在离散时间间隔内暴露的人体受试者状态方面的火灾危险分析的生命威胁成分。这使得确定一个可维持性终点成为可能，据估计，此时居住者不再能够采取有效行动来完成自己的逃生。涉及的生命威胁因素包括火灾排放物毒性、热量和烟雾造成的视觉模糊。提出了两种评估火灾排放物毒性的方法:有毒气体模型和质量损失模型。ISO 1351:2007没有考虑诸如烟雾的视觉遮蔽对乘客逃逸所需时间的影响、气溶胶和微粒的毒性效应以及与气体火灾的任何相互作用等方面的初始影响。暴露于火灾环境后的废水成分和不良健康影响。

ISO 13571:2007 is only one of many tools available for use in fire safety engineering. It is intended to be used in conjunction with models for analysis of the initiation and development of fire, fire spread, smoke formation and movement, chemical species generation, transport and decay and people movement, as well as fire detection and suppression. ISO 13571:2007 is to be used only within this context.ISO 13571:2007 is intended to address the consequences of human exposure to the life threat components of fire as occupants move through an enclosed structure. The time-dependent concentrations of fire effluents and the thermal environment of a fire are determined by the rate of fire growth, the yields of the various fire gases produced from the involved fuels, the decay characteristics of those fire gases and the ventilation pattern within the structure. Once these are determined, the methodology presented in ISO 13571:2007 can be used for the estimation of the available escape time.ISO 13571:2007 provides guidance on establishing the procedures to evaluate the life threat components of fire hazard analysis in terms of the status of exposed human subjects at discrete time intervals. It makes possible the determination of a tenability endpoint, at which time it is estimated that occupants are no longer able to take effective action to accomplish their own escape. The life threat components addressed include fire-effluent toxicity, heat and visual obscuration due to smoke. Two methods are presented for assessment of fire-effluent toxicity: the toxic-gas model and the mass-loss model.ISO 13571:2007 does not consider aspects such as the initial impact of visual obscuration due to smoke on factors affecting the time required for occupants to escape, the toxic effects of aerosols and particulates and any interactions with gaseous fire-effluent components and adverse health effects following exposure to fire atmospheres.

标准预览图