ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006 信息技术-实时定位系统（RTLS）-应用程序界面（API）

标准编号：ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006

中文名称：信息技术-实时定位系统（RTLS）-应用程序界面（API）

英文名称：Information technology — Real-time locating systems (RTLS) — Part 1: Application program interface (API)

发布日期：2006-02

标准范围

ISO/IEC 24730定义了用于资产管理的实时定位系统（RTLS）的两种空中接口协议和单个应用程序接口（API），旨在允许兼容性并鼓励不断增长的RTLS市场的产品互操作性。ISO/IEC 24730-1:20 06 RTLS API为RTLS建立了技术标准。为了完全符合本标准，RTLS必须符合ISO/IEC 24730-1:20 06和ISO/IEC 24730中定义的至少一个空中接口协议。RTL是能够在实时或接近实时的时间点在定义的空间（本地/校园、广域/区域、全球）中的任何地方定位物品的位置的无线系统。通过测量无线电链路的物理特性来导出位置。从概念上讲，RTL有四种分类:通过卫星定位资产（需要视线）-精度为10米。在受控区域定位资产，例如仓库、校园、机场（感兴趣区域有仪器）-精度为3米。在更有限的区域（感兴趣的区域被仪器化）定位资产——精度可达几十厘米。使用安装在地面上的接收器在大范围内定位地面上的资产，例如手机信号塔-精度可达200米。还有另外两种定位对象的方法，它们实际上是RFID而不是RTL:借助于资产在某个时间已经通过点A而没有通过点B的事实来定位资产。借助于提供寻的信标来定位资产，由此手持设备的人可以找到资产。定位的方法是通过识别定位，一般通过多-侧染。不同的类型是飞行时间测距系统、振幅三角测量、到达时间差（TDOA）、蜂窝三角测量、卫星多方位测量、到达角。ISO/IEC 24730-1:20 06定义了利用RTLS所需的API。API是应用软件使用编程语言的设施来调用服务的边界。这些设施可以包括过程或操作、共享数据对象和标识符的解析。API可能需要广泛的服务来支持应用。不同的方法可能适用于记录不同类型服务的API规范。跨API边界的信息流由特定编程语言的语法和语义定义，使得该语言的用户可以访问由边界另一侧的应用平台提供的服务。这意味着将由应用平台提供的功能映射到编程语言的语法和语义的规范。API规范记录了在应用和应用平台之间的接口处可用的服务和/或服务访问方法。该API描述了RTLS服务及其访问方法，以使客户端应用程序能够与RTLS接口。此RTLS服务是RTLS必须提供的最低服务，以便API与此标准兼容。ISO/IEC 24730-1:20 06使软件应用程序能够利用RTLS基础设施来定位连接有RTLS发射器的资产。它定义了应用软件使用编程语言的设施来收集包含在由RTLS基础设施接收的RTLS标签闪烁中的信息的边界。

ISO/IEC 24730 defines two air interface protocols and a single application program interface (API) for real-time locating systems (RTLS) for use in asset management and is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for the growing RTLS market. ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006, the RTLS API, establishes a technical standard for RTLS. To be fully compliant with this standard, RTLS must comply with ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006 and at least one air interface protocol defined in ISO/IEC 24730. RTLS are wireless systems with the ability to locate the position of an item anywhere in a defined space (local/campus, wide area/regional, global) at a point in time that is, or is close to, real time. Position is derived by measurements of the physical properties of the radio link.Conceptually there are four classifications of RTLS:

• Locating an asset via satellite (requires line-of-sight) - accuracy to 10 m.
• Locating an asset in a controlled area, e.g. warehouse, campus, airport (area of interest is instrumented) - accuracy to 3 m.
• Locating an asset in a more confined area (area of interest is instrumented) - accuracy to tens of centimetres.
• Locating an asset over a terrestrial area using a terrestrial mounted receiver over a wide area, e.g. cell phone towers - accuracy to 200 m.

There are a further two methods of locating an object which are really RFID rather than RTLS:

• Locating an asset by virtue of the fact that the asset has passed point A at a certain time and has not passed point B.
• Locating an asset by virtue of providing a homing beacon whereby a person with a handheld can find an asset.

The method of location is through identification and location, generally through multi-lateration. The different types are

• Time of Flight Ranging Systems,
• Amplitude Triangulation,
• Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA),
• Cellular Triangulation,
• Satellite Multi-lateration,
• Angle of Arrival.

ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006 defines an API needed for utilizing an RTLS.An API is a boundary across which application software uses facilities of programming languages to invoke services. These facilities may include procedures or operations, shared data objects and resolution of identifiers. A wide range of services may be required at an API to support applications. Different methods may be appropriate for documenting API specifications for different types of services.The information flow across the API boundary is defined by the syntax and semantics of a particular programming language, such that the user of that language may access the services provided by the application platform on the other side of the boundary. This implies the specification of a mapping of the functions being made available by the application platform into the syntax and semantics of the programming language. An API specification documents a service and/or service access method that is available at an interface between the application and an application platform.This API describes the RTLS service and its access methods, to enable client applications to interface with the RTLS. This RTLS service is the minimum service that must be provided by an RTLS to be API compatible with this standard.ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006 enables software applications to utilize an RTLS infrastructure to locate assets with RTLS transmitters attached to them. It defines a boundary across which application software uses facilities of programming languages to collect information contained in RTLS tag blinks received by the RTLS infrastructure.

标准预览图