ISO/TS 14837-31:2017 机械振动 来自轨道系统的地面传播噪声和振动 第31部分：评估建筑物中人体暴露的现场测量指南

标准编号：ISO/TS 14837-31:2017

中文名称：机械振动 来自轨道系统的地面传播噪声和振动 第31部分：评估建筑物中人体暴露的现场测量指南

英文名称：Mechanical vibration — Ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems — Part 31: Guideline on field measurements for the evaluation of human exposure in buildings

发布日期：2017-12

标准范围

ISO/TS 14837-31:2017给出了指南，鼓励以允许国际比较和经验模型未来发展的指标报告地面噪声和振动的现场测量结果。它还规定了为评估住宅建筑中的人类暴露而进行测量时的基本最低要求和良好做法，以确保其可靠性。虽然基于项目特定目的的国家标准或要求通常优先，但本指南可用于没有特定要求或提供补充指南的情况。因此，本文件提供了一种以优选格式改进现场测量的总体质量和报告的手段。进行地面现场测量有许多原因-铁路运营产生的噪声和振动，从投诉调查到ISO 14837中详述的预测模型验证、诊断和研究？1:2005,7.2.在本文件中，考虑了两个级别的评估。-范围1对应于建筑物房间内地板振动和噪音的基本测量，以评估人类暴露于地面振动和地面噪音的情况。要求分为两个准确度级别:精度最低的基本测量；测量不确定性降低，再现性更强，更适合预测。地面传播噪声是由感兴趣的房间中的振动建筑元件（例如地板、墙壁和天花板）产生的噪声，因此最好由声学量和振动量两者来表达。将其识别为地面传播噪声（相对于空气传播噪声，也可能存在）需要同时进行噪声和振动测量。然而，也有非常低频振动（低于10Hz至16Hz）的情况，其中只有振动测量是相关的。嘎嘎声也可能由振动引起，振动可能来自建筑部件或家具。本文件并不打算描述这种现象，而是在它发生时注意到它的存在。注:在某些情况下，范围1可能涉及建筑物外的地面测量（以解决通道问题或遵守国家法规），尽管通常首选在建筑物内进行测量。-范围2对应于扩展到评估建筑物振动输入的测量，其包括建筑物地基处或附近的振动测量以及建筑物旁边地面上的振动测量，以便建筑物耦合损耗和建筑物透射率可以估计。为正确表征震源而在轨道附近（在地面或隧道中）进行的振动测量超出了本文件的范围。为了实现每次调查的一致的最小数据集，规定了某些要求，允许站点之间的数据比较。

ISO/TS 14837-31:2017 gives guidelines to encourage reporting of field measurements of ground-borne noise and vibration in a metric that allows international comparison and future development of empirical models. It also sets out the basic minimum requirements and good practice when taking measurements for the evaluation of human exposure in residential buildings to ensure they are reliable. While national standards or requirements based upon project-specific purposes would normally take priority, this guidance can be used where there are no particular requirements or to provide supplementary guidance. Thereby, this document provides a means of improving general quality and reporting of field measurements in a preferred format.There are a number of reasons for carrying out field measurements of ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail operations, from complaint investigations to validation of prediction models, diagnostics and research as detailed in ISO 14837？1:2005, 7.2. In the present document, two levels of evaluation are considered.- Scope 1 corresponds to basic measurements of floor vibration and noise in rooms in buildings to evaluate the human exposure to ground-borne vibration and ground-borne noise. Requirements are presented under two levels of accuracy:

1. basic measurements with minimum accuracy;
2. measurements with reduced uncertainty, also more reproducible and more appropriate for prediction.

Ground-borne noise is noise generated by vibrating building elements (e.g. floors, walls and ceilings) in the room of interest and is therefore best expressed by both an acoustic and a vibrational quantity. Its identification as ground-borne noise (as opposed to airborne noise, potentially also present) requires simultaneous noise and vibration measurements. Nevertheless, there are also cases of very low frequency vibration (below 10 Hz to 16 Hz) where only vibration measurements are relevant. Rattle can also arise from vibration, which can be from building components or furniture. This document does not set out to characterize this phenomenon, but to note its presence when it occurs.NOTE In some cases, Scope 1 can relate to measurements on the ground outside a building (to resolve access issues or to comply with national regulations), although measurements at the building are generally preferred.- Scope 2 corresponds to measurements extended to evaluate the vibration immission to buildings, which includes vibration measurements at or near the building foundations and vibration measurements on ground next to the building so that the building coupling loss and building transmissibility can be estimated.Vibration measurements near the tracks (on ground surface or in tunnels) for a proper characterization of the source are outside the scope of this document.Certain requirements are specified in the interest of achieving a consistent minimum data set for each investigation, allowing data comparison between sites.

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