ISO 13301:2018 感观分析 方法学 通过3种备择强制选择（3-AFC）程序测定气味、香味、味道极限测定指南

标准编号：ISO 13301:2018

中文名称：感观分析 方法学 通过3种备择强制选择（3-AFC）程序测定气味、香味、味道极限测定指南

英文名称：Sensory analysis — Methodology — General guidance for measuring odour, flavour and taste detection thresholds by a three-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) procedure

发布日期：2018-04

标准范围

ISO 13301:2018给出了-通过3-AFC（三种选择强制选择）程序获取刺激物检测数据，这些刺激物会引起对气味、味道和味道的反应，以及-对数据进行处理，以估计阈值及其误差范围，以及与刺激检测相关的其他统计数据。通常，这些程序将用于以下两种模式之一:-调查评估人员对特定刺激的敏感性；-对化学物质刺激化学感受性感觉的能力的研究。（尽管实验可以涵盖这两种模式。)第一种模式的例子包括研究个体或特定群体的敏感性差异，以及年龄、性别、生理条件、疾病、用药和环境条件对敏感性的影响。后一种模式的例子包括-风味化学研究以及特定化学品对食品风味的影响，-化学品对人类影响的分类，如果存在于环境中，-研究分子结构与化学物质作为兴奋剂的能力之间的关系，-气体废水和水、食品和饮料的质量保证，以及-嗅觉机制的研究。在这两种模式中，正确反应的概率随刺激强度变化的方式，即剂量/反应曲线的斜率，可能是研究的一个重要方面以及阈值，本文描述的数据处理程序提供了这一信息。ISO 13301:2018的重点是数据要求和计算程序。关于数据的有效性，本文仅限于一般规则和注意事项。它不区分检测阈值和差异阈值；从根本上说，这些程序测量差异阈值是因为测试样本与参考样本进行了比较。通常情况下，参考样品不打算包含被调查的刺激物，但指南不排除参考物可能包含刺激物的实验设计，或者参考物是否包含刺激物可能未知。该指南不测量ISO 5492中定义的识别阈值。它们没有涉及EN 13725中讨论的空气质量测定方法的标准化。

ISO 13301:2018 gives guidelines for- obtaining data on the detection of stimuli that evoke responses to odour, flavour and taste by a 3-AFC (three-alternative forced-choice) procedure, and- the processing of the data to estimate the value of a threshold and its error bounds, and other statistics related to the detection of the stimulus.Typically, the procedures will be used in one of the following two modes:- investigation of the sensitivity of assessors to specific stimuli;- investigation of the ability of a chemical substance to stimulate the chemoreceptive senses.(Although experiments can encompass both modes.)Examples of the first mode include studies of the differences among individuals or specified populations of individuals in sensitivities and of the effects of age, gender, physiological condition, disease, administration of drugs and ambient conditions on sensitivity. Examples of the latter mode include- studies in flavour chemistry and the impact of specified chemicals on the flavour of foods,- classification of chemicals for their impact on humans, if present in the environment,- studies on the relationship of molecular structure to capacity of a chemical to act as a stimulant,- quality assurance of gaseous effluents and of water, foods and beverages, and- studies in the mechanism of olfaction.In both modes, the way in which probability of a correct response changes with intensity of stimulus, i.e. the slope of the dose/response curve, could be an important aspect of the study as well as the threshold value, and the data processing procedures described here provide this information.The focus of ISO 13301:2018 is on data requirements and on computational procedures. Regarding the validity of the data, the text is restricted to general rules and precautions. It does not differentiate between detection and difference thresholds; fundamentally, the procedures measure a difference threshold because a test sample is compared with a reference sample. Typically, the reference sample is not intended to contain the stimulus under investigation, but the guidelines do not exclude experimental design in which the reference could contain the stimulus, or it might not be known if the reference contains the stimulus. The guidelines do not measure a recognition threshold as defined in ISO 5492. They do not address the standardization of methods of determining air quality as discussed in EN 13725.

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