ISO 20414:2020 消防安全工程 建筑物火灾疏散模型的验证和验证规程

标准编号：ISO 20414:2020

中文名称：消防安全工程 建筑物火灾疏散模型的验证和验证规程

英文名称：Fire safety engineering — Verification and validation protocol for building fire evacuation models

发布日期：2020-11

标准范围

本文件描述了建筑火灾疏散模型的验证和确认协议。本文件主要针对微观（基于代理的）模型中的疏散模型组件。然而，如果宏观模型能够表示所考虑的组件，则可以（全部或部分）采用该方法。本文件中讨论的疏散模型的应用领域包括基于性能的建筑物设计，以及疏散规划和程序的有效性审查。疏散过程用疏散模型表示，其中人员的移动及其与环境的相互作用利用了火灾理论和经验观测中的人类行为。疏散模拟使用数学模型和/或代理对代理和代理对环境规则来表示。本文件的适用范围涉及建筑物。本文件不打算涵盖运行中的运输系统（如火车、轮船），因为可能需要进行特定的特别附加试验，以解决此类系统疏散期间的人类行为模拟问题。本文件包括用于验证和确认测试的组件清单，以及用于分析和评估疏散模型相关精度的方法。还包括验收标准分析程序。由于测试的范围没有人为地局限于一组简单的应用程序，因此本文件中给出了一个用于测试的组件的全面列表。然而，疏散模型作为设计工具的应用可能会受到影响人类行为的变量数量的影响。考虑到与结果相关的复杂程度，大量影响可能会妨碍对所获得结果的接受。更简单的计算方法，如宏观模型、容量分析或流量计算，受高保真建模需求的影响较小。相比之下，更复杂的计算方法（即基于代理的模型）更依赖于证明模拟能够代表不同的紧急行为的能力。因此，将测试组件分为不同类别，使疏散模型测试仪能够根据模型中嵌入的复杂程度以及模型应用的具体范围来测试疏散模型。在附录A中，提供了一个报告模板，以向用户提供有关测试结果呈现格式的指导，并在附录B中给出了验证和确认测试的示例应用。

This document describes a protocol for the verification and validation of building fire evacuation models. This document mostly addresses evacuation model components as they are in microscopic (agent-based) models. Nevertheless, it can be adopted (entirely or partially) for macroscopic models if the model is able to represent the components under consideration.The area of application of the evacuation models discussed in this document includes performance-based design of buildings and the review of the effectiveness of evacuation planning and procedures. The evacuation process is represented with evacuation models in which people's movement and their interaction with the environment make use of human behaviour in fire theories and empirical observations^[5]. The simulation of evacuation is represented using mathematical models and/or agent？to？agent and agent-to-environment rules.The area of application of this document relates to buildings. This document is not intended to cover aspects of transportation systems in motion (e.g. trains, ships) since specific ad-hoc additional tests may be required for addressing the simulation of human behaviour during evacuation in these types of systems^[6].This document includes a list of components for verification and validation testing as well as a methodology for the analysis and assessment of accuracy associated with evacuation models. The procedure for the analysis of acceptance criteria is also included.A comprehensive list of components for testing is presented in this document, since the scope of the testing has not been artificially restricted to a set of straightforward applications. Nevertheless, the application of evacuation models as a design tool can be affected by the numbers of variables affecting human behaviour under consideration. A high number of influences can hamper the acceptance of the results obtained given the level of complexity associated with the results. Simpler calculation methods, such as macroscopic models, capacity analyses or flow calculations, are affected to a lower extent by the need to aim at high fidelity modelling. In contrast, more sophisticated calculation methods (i.e. agent-based models) rely more on the ability to demonstrate that the simulation is able to represent different emergent behaviours. For this reason, the components for testing are divided into different categories, enabling the evacuation model tester to test an evacuation model both in relation to the degree of sophistication embedded in the model as well as the specific scope of the model application.In Annex A, a reporting template is provided to provide guidance to users regarding a format for presenting test results and exemplary application of verification and validation tests are presented in Annex B.

标准预览图