ISO 18589-1:2019 环境中放射能的测量 土壤 第1部份： 一般指导方针和定义

标准编号：ISO 18589-1:2019

中文名称：环境中放射能的测量 土壤 第1部份： 一般指导方针和定义

英文名称：Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Soil — Part 1: General guidelines and definitions

发布日期：2019-11

标准范围

本文件规定了进行放射性核素测试的一般要求，包括对土壤（包括基岩和矿石中的岩石）以及建筑材料和产品、陶器、，使用NORM或涉及技术增强的天然放射性物质（TENORM）的工艺过程，例如矿砂的开采和加工或磷肥的生产和使用。为简化起见，本文件中使用的术语“土壤”涵盖了上述元素集。本文件适用于负责确定土壤中放射性的人员，用于辐射防护。这涉及花园和农田、城市或工业场地的土壤，以及不受人类活动影响的土壤。本文件适用于所有实验室，不考虑人员数量或测试活动范围。如果实验室不进行本文件所涵盖的一项或多项活动，如规划、取样或测试，则这些条款的要求不适用。本文件将与ISO 18589的其他部分一起使用，这些部分概述了程序和取样技术的设置、实验室样品的一般处理方法以及土壤中放射性的测量方法。其目的如下:-定义与土壤、取样、放射性及其测量有关的主要术语；-描述土壤中放射性的来源；-确定土壤样品放射性研究的主要目标；-介绍土壤放射性研究的原理；-确定测量土壤放射性时的分析和程序要求。如果在以下情况下进行辐射防护用放射性核素测量，则本文件适用:-环境中放射性的初步表征；-对核设施的影响或整个领土的演变进行常规监测；-事故和事件情况的调查；-规划和监督补救行动；-设施退役或材料清理。

This document specifies the general requirements to carry out radionuclides tests, including sampling of soil including rock from bedrock and ore as well as of construction materials and products, pottery, etc. using NORM or those from technological processes involving Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or phosphate fertilizer production and use.For simplification, the term "soil" used in this document covers the set of elements mentioned above.This document is addressed to people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils for the purpose of radiation protection. This concerns soils from gardens and farmland, urban or industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activities.This document is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the extent of the scope of testing activities. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this document, such as planning, sampling or testing, the requirements of those clauses do not apply.This document is to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO 18589 that outline the setting up of programmes and sampling techniques, methods of general processing of samples in the laboratory and also methods for measuring the radioactivity in soil. Its purpose is the following:— define the main terms relating to soils, sampling, radioactivity and its measurement;— describe the origins of the radioactivity in soils;— define the main objectives of the study of radioactivity in soil samples;— present the principles of studies of soil radioactivity;— identify the analytical and procedural requirements when measuring radioactivity in soil.This document is applicable if radionuclide measurements for the purpose of radiation protection are to be made in the following cases:— initial characterization of radioactivity in the environment;— routine surveillance of the impact of nuclear installations or of the evolution of the general territory;— investigations of accident and incident situations;— planning and surveillance of remedial action;— decommissioning of installations or clearance of materials.

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