ISO/IEC 14651:2020 信息技术 国际字符串排序和比较 比较字符串的方法和通用模板的可定制排序的描述

标准编号：ISO/IEC 14651:2020

中文名称：信息技术 国际字符串排序和比较 比较字符串的方法和通用模板的可定制排序的描述

英文名称：Information technology — International string ordering and comparison — Method for comparing character strings and description of the common template tailorable ordering

发布日期：2020-12

标准范围

本文档定义了以下内容。-参考比较方法。该方法适用于两个字符串，以确定它们在排序列表中的排序顺序。该方法可以应用于包含来自ISO/IEC 10646完整库的字符的字符串。该方法也适用于该库的子集，例如不同ISO/IEC 8位标准字符集的子集，或任何其他字符集，无论是否标准化，以产生对每个脚本的给定语言集有效(在定制之后)的排序结果。此方法使用从本文档中定义的公共模板表或其定制之一派生的排序规则表。该方法提供了一种参考格式。该格式使用Backus-Naur形式（BNF）描述。此格式用于描述公共模板表。该格式在本文档中规范使用。-公共模板表。参考比较方法使用公共模板表的给定定制。通用模板表描述了在ISO/IEC 10646:2020中包含的Unicode 13.0标准[27]中编码的所有字符的顺序。它允许完全确定性排序的规范。该表使得能够指定适合于本地排序规则的字符串排序，而不需要实现者具有已经在通用编码字符集(UCS)中编码的所有不同脚本的知识。注1此通用模板表将被修改以适应本地环境的需要。全球范围内的主要好处是，对于其他脚本，通常不需要修改，并且从国际角度来看，顺序将尽可能保持一致和可预测。注2本文档中使用的字符集相当于Unicode标准版本13.0[27]的字符集。-参考名称。参考名称指的是通用模板表的这个特定版本，以便在裁剪时用作参考。特别是，该名称意味着该表与ISO/IEC 10646通用编码字符集的特定开发阶段相关联。-要求声明排序规则表和通用模板表之间的差异（增量）。本文件不要求以下内容。-特定的比较方法；给出相同结果的任何等效方法都是可接受的。-用于描述或定制给定实现中的表的特定格式。-实现要使用的特定符号，公共模板表的名称除外。-用于选择选项的任何特定用户界面。-用于比较时使用的中间键的任何特定内部格式，也不用于所使用的表。数字键的使用也不是强制性的。-上下文相关排序。-在比较之前字符串的任何特定准备。注1:即使本文件没有规定，通常也需要在比较前准备字符串（见附录C）。注2附录D描述了本国际标准中出现的问题及其预期解决方案。

This document defines the following.
- A reference comparison method. This method is applicable to two character strings to determine their collating order in a sorted list. The method can be applied to strings containing characters from the full repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646. This method is also applicable to subsets of that repertoire, such as those of the different ISO/IEC 8-bit standard character sets, or any other character set, standardized or not, to produce ordering results valid (after tailoring) for a given set of languages for each script. This method uses collation tables derived either from the Common Template Table defined in this document or from one of its tailorings. This method provides a reference format. The format is described using the Backus-Naur Form (BNF). This format is used to describe the Common Template Table. The format is used normatively within this document.
- A Common Template Table. A given tailoring of the Common Template Table is used by the reference comparison method. The Common Template Table describes an order for all characters encoded in the Unicode 13.0 standard,[27] included in ISO/IEC 10646:2020. It allows for a specification of a fully deterministic ordering. This table enables the specification of a string ordering adapted to local ordering rules, without requiring an implementer to have knowledge of all the different scripts already encoded in the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS).
NOTE 1 This Common Template Table is to be modified to suit the needs of a local environment. The main worldwide benefit is that, for other scripts, often no modification is required and the order will remain as consistent as possible and predictable from an international point of view.
NOTE 2 The character repertoire used in this document is equivalent to that of the Unicode Standard version 13.0[27].
- A reference name. The reference name refers to this particular version of the Common Template Table, for use as a reference when tailoring. In particular, this name implies that the table is linked to a particular stage of development of the ISO/IEC 10646 Universal coded character set.
- Requirements for a declaration of the differences (delta) between the collation table and the Common Template Table.
This document does not mandate the following.
- A specific comparison method; any equivalent method giving the same results is acceptable.
- A specific format for describing or tailoring tables in a given implementation.
- Specific symbols to be used by implementations, except for the name of the Common Template Table.
- Any specific user interface for choosing options.
- Any specific internal format for intermediate keys used when comparing, nor for the table used. The use of numeric keys is not mandated either.
- A context-dependent ordering.
- Any particular preparation of character strings prior to comparison.
NOTE 1 It is normally necessary to do preparation of character strings prior to comparison even if it is not prescribed by this document (see Annex C).
NOTE 2 Annex D describes problems that gave way to this International Standard with their anticipated solutions.

标准预览图