ISO 14852:2018 在水介质中塑料的极限需氧可分解、还原性的测定 离析二氧化碳分析方法

标准编号：ISO 14852:2018

中文名称：在水介质中塑料的极限需氧可分解、还原性的测定 离析二氧化碳分析方法

英文名称：Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium — Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide

发布日期：2018-09

标准范围

本文件规定了一种通过测量释放的二氧化碳量来确定塑料材料（包括含有配方添加剂的塑料材料）需氧生物降解性程度的方法。将试验材料暴露在标准实验室条件下的合成培养基中，在好氧、中温条件下接种活性污泥、成熟堆肥或土壤中的接种物。如果使用未经调整的活性污泥作为接种物，试验结果可用于评估废水处理厂环境中发生的好氧生物降解过程。如果使用混合或预先暴露的接种物，该方法可用于调查试验材料的潜在生物降解性。本文件中使用的条件不一定对应于允许发生最大生物降解的最佳条件，但本试验方法旨在测量塑料材料的生物降解，并给出其潜在生物降解性的指示。该方法可通过计算碳平衡（可选，见附录C）改进生物降解的评估。该方法适用于以下材料:-天然和/或合成聚合物、共聚物或其混合物；-含有增塑剂、着色剂或其他化合物等添加剂的塑料材料；-水溶性聚合物；-在试验条件下不会抑制接种物中微生物的材料。可以使用抑制对照或通过另一种适当的方法（例如，参见ISO 8192[1]）来确定抑制效应。如果试验材料对接种物有抑制作用，则可使用较低的试验浓度、另一种接种物或预暴露接种物。

This document specifies a method, by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved, for the determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation additives. The test material is exposed in a synthetic medium under standardized laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge, mature compost or soil under aerobic, mesophilic conditions.If an unadapted activated sludge is used as the inoculum, the test result can be used to assess the aerobic biodegradation processes which occur in a waste water treatment plant environment. If a mixed or pre-exposed inoculum is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.The conditions used in this document do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing maximum biodegradation to occur, but this test method is designed to measure the biodegradation of plastic materials and give an indication of their potential biodegradability.The method enables the assessment of the biodegradation to be improved by calculating a carbon balance (optional, see Annex C).The method applies to the following materials:— natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof;— plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds;— water-soluble polymers;— materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see, for example, ISO 8192[1]). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.

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